
Premature ejaculation: Current medical treatment and new directions.
| Parameter | Value | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | Fast, begins within 30 min | Peak plasma concentration achieved in 1 hour |
| Bioavailability | ~40% | Due to first-pass metabolism |
| Metabolism | Liver (CYP3A4 enzyme) | Adjust dose if on CYP3A4 inhibitors |
| Excretion | Feces (~60%), urine (~30%) | Slow process, affects timing of doses |
Interest in premature ejaculation (PE) has been increasing rapidly among all healthcare professionals.
A recent Medline search (January 2008) for articles related to PE, from 1949 to the present, uncovered a total of 589 references of which 160 articles (27%) had been published within the past 2 years.
Much of this recent surge in interest has focused on new and promising medical relief for men who are troubled by this vexing condition.
If the male is relatively young and can achieve another erection within a few minutes after a premature ejaculation, he may find that he is much less likely to experience a premature ejaculation the second time. The interval for achieving a second climax often includes a much longer period of latency, and the male can usually exert better control in this setting. Accordingly, some therapists advise young men to masturbate (or have their partner stimulate them rapidly to climax) 1-2 hours before sexual relations are planned. In an older man, such a strategy may be less effective, because the older man may have difficulty achieving a second erection after his first rapid sexual release. If this occurs, it can damage his confidence and may result in secondary impotence.
Kilinc et al reported that moderate physical activity longer than 30 min at least 5 times a week leads to ejaculation delay in patients with premature ejaculation. In their study, 35 patients were treated with dapoxetine, 30 mg on demand; 35 performed moderate physical activities; and 35 performed minimal physical activity. [59] Pastore et al reported long-term benefit from pelvic muscle floor rehabilitation (PFM) in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation. The 154 participants in this retrospective study entered a 12-week program of PFM rehabilitation, including physio-kinesiotherapy treatment, electrostimulation, and biofeedback, with three sessions per week, with 20 min for sildenafil citrate chewable tablets each component completed at each session. Of the 122 participants who completed PFM rehabilitation, 111 gained control of their ejaculation reflex. This review, while recognizing the critical importance of an integrated approach to the evaluation and management of PE—coordinating participation on the part of urologists, mental health professionals, endocrinologists, primary care physicians, and other interested healthcare professionals—is directed primarily at providing an update on recent developments in the medical treatment of PE.
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The definition of PE is still evolving, but the classic triad involved in the definition includes (i) short intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), (ii) lack of control, and (iii) sexual dissatisfaction [1].
As with any medical condition, the patient should be offered all available treatment options, and the physician should proceed with referral for any option considered to require more specialized help than the physician can provide. For men who may have a severe emotional disturbance underlying the premature ejaculation, referral to a mental health professional is most appropriate. Diagnosis and treatment of the various psychological factors that manifest partly as premature ejaculation are beyond the scope of this discussion. Hossein sildenafil otc Sadeghi-Nejad, MD, FACS, and Richard Watson, MD, FACS A B S T R A C TIntroduction. Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common form of male sexual dysfunction.
Until very recently, scientific investigation of PE has been hampered by a lack of standardized definitions and objective, validated questionnaires. Small numbers of randomized controlled studies evaluating various treatment options have also added to the challenges facing the clinicians who manage PE. This article provides a summary of some of the more relevant the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to the medical therapy of premature ejaculation. A retrospective review of peer reviewed publications relevant to the field of premature ejaculation and related medical therapies. Review of safety and efficacy of various medical therapies for premature ejaculation. The World Health Organization (WHO) 1994 International Classification of Diseases defines PE as “an inability to delay ejaculation sufficiently to enjoy lovemaking, manifest as either of the following: occurrence of ejaculation before or very
Selective serotonin release inhibitors have been the most promising agents to date. The on-demand “PRN” use of these agents is more convenient, but its efficacy is less well established. Chronic use of this buy pills sildenafil class of medications has been associated with minor, but bothersome side effects. More recently, concern over the risk of an increased suicide rate in young men upon initiation of SSRIs has dampened enthusiasm. Recent experience with the use of Tramadol raises the hope that this might prove to be an agent as effective as SSRIs with less worrisome risk of side-effects.
New trials on novel formulations of topical solutions are currently underway in the United States. Interest in medical therapy for PE is rapidly increasing and reflected in a disproportionate number of publications in this field in the past few years. Clinical research in this field is hampered by the complexity, variability among different men and cultures, and subjectivity of PE. Reliable, appropriately controlled and assessed studies are generally lacking and carefully devised, methodically conducted research is much needed. Sadeghi-Nejad H, and Watson R. soon after the beginning of intercourse (if a time limit is required: before or within 15 seconds of the beginning of intercourse); occurrence of ejaculation in the absence of sufficient erection to make intercourse possible.
Of the 95 participants who completed follow-up, 64% maintained satisfactory ejaculation control at 24 months and 56% did so at 36 months. Surgical procedures that reduce penile sensation have been proposed as treatments for premature ejaculation. These include selective dorsal nerve neurotomy, pulsed radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation of dorsal penile nerves, and hyaluronic acid gelaugmentation of the glans penis. [61, 62] Currently, all those are considered experimental. Before the availability of nonsurgical methods for treating erectile dysfunction, a patient with premature ejaculation who was mistakenly diagnosed with erectile dysfunction might have undergone a penile prosthesis implantation, which would have yielded unsatisfactory results because of the incorrect initial diagnosis.
In this scenario, the patient would be able to engage in sexual intercourse, because the penile implant would provide an adequate erection, but he would still climax prematurely. Currently, penile implants are placed much more rarely, and with the use of nonsurgical treatments for erectile dysfunction, any permanent harm resulting from diagnosing erectile dysfunction rather than premature ejaculation is unlikely. Consultation with a sex therapist, psychologist, or psychiatrist may prove helpful if the primary care physician or urologist cannot provide successful treatment or does not have the time to explore psychological issues and implement behavioral techniques (eg, squeeze-pause). If the primary care physician or urologist is inexperienced or uncomfortable with treating premature ejaculation, early referral to a sex therapist, psychologist, or psychiatrist is indicated. Some physicians are comfortable implementing pharmacologic therapy but not behavioral therapy. The problem is not the result of prolonged absence from sexual activity” [1].
Furthermore, the WHO definition excludes men whose PE is predominately attributed to (i) alcohol, substance abuse, and/or medications; (ii) a sexual context that has led to very high levels of arousal because of the novelty of partner or situation; and (iii) a low frequency of sexual activity [1].
Others have based their diagnosis on the number of penile thrusts occurring before ejaculation, considering less than 8–15 thrusts as the criterion for PE [2,3].
Once the male has the feeling that ejaculation is no longer imminent, the female resumes stimulation. The process should be repeated and practiced at least 10 or more times. Over time, most males find that this technique helps decrease the impending inevitable need to ejaculate. After practicing this technique for a while, the couple can move to another phase of the process. In this phase, the partners sit facing each other, with the woman’s legs crossing on top of the male’s legs.
She stimulates him by manipulating his penis first close to and then with friction against her vulval area. Each time he senses excessive excitement, she applies the squeeze and stops all stimulation until he calms down enough for the process to be repeated. Finally, coitus may be attempted, with the female partner in the superior position so that she may withdraw immediately and again apply a squeeze to remove the male partner’s urge to climax. Most couples find this technique to be highly successful. It can also help the female partner to be more aroused and can shorten her time to climax because it constitutes a form of extended foreplay in many cases. In 2007, responding to the variability of worldwide definitions and the need for a universal standard, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) established an ad hoc committee consisting of 21 internationally recognized experts, to establish a new definition of PE.
| Contraindication | Reason | Alternatives |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrate medication | Risk of severe hypotension | Use other treatments |
| Cardiovascular disease | Potential for adverse cardiovascular events | Consultation before use |
| Severe hepatic impairment | Altered drug metabolism | Avoid or adjust dosage |
This latest ISSM definition, based on the recommendations of the most active and respected clinical and basic science experts in the field, characterized PE as follows: “Premature ejaculation is a male sexual dysfunction characterized by ejaculation which always or nearly
| Aspect | Findings | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Confidence improvement | Increased confidence reported by users | May reduce anxiety about ED |
| Anxiety reduction | Lowered performance anxiety | Enhances sexual satisfaction |
| Placebo effect | Some improvement due to psychological factors | Not solely pharmacological |
always occurs prior to or within about one minute of vaginal penetration; and inability to delay ejaculation on all or nearly all vaginal penetrations; and negative personal consequences, such as distress, bother, frustration and/or the avoidance of sexual intimacy” [4].